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Slovensko   English2025-02-10

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Matjaž Gomilšek from the Condensed Matter Physics Department at the Jožef Stefan Institute and the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana has published a paper Anisotropic Skyrmion and Multi-q Spin Dynamics in Centrosymmetric Gd2PdSi3 in Physical Review Letters as the leading author, together with co-authors from the UK, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, and Japan. In the paper they discover a pronounced directional dependence of magnetic dynamics in topologically-protected whirls of magnetization called skyrmions. The observed behavior is very unusual, since the studied material is highly symmetrical. The researchers also discover a strong directional dependence of magnetic dynamics in the previously-unidentified ground state of the material, which suggests that it is the much-sought-after lattice of merons (“halves” of a skyrmion). These discoveries significantly contribute to solving the puzzle of the stability of topological magnetic textures in highly symmetrical materials. Skyrmions can be used for data storage, spintronics (a magnetic analogue of electronics), or as a platform for advanced (reservoir-computing) artificial intelligence.

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A recent study, Antiferroelectric Order in Nematic Liquids: Flexoelectricity vs. Electrostatics, by Peter Medle Rupnik, Ema Hanžel, Matija Lovšin, prof. dr. Natan Osterman, dr. Nerea Sebastian, and doc. dr. Alenka Mertelj from the Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, along with colleagues from the University of Leeds, published in Advanced Science, explores the origin of antiferroelectric order in nematic liquids. It identifies flexoelectric coupling—between electric polarization and splay deformation of the nematic director—as the dominant mechanism. The study sheds light on the intermediate phase between apolar and ferroelectric nematic states, characterized by a distinct antiferroelectric response to electric fields. However, its structure and formation mechanisms remain debated, with flexoelectric and electrostatics effects proposed as competing mechanisms. By advancing the understanding of ferroelectric nematic liquids and their phase transitions, this work provides a refined framework for future research in the field.

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Dr Matjaž Humar, Head of the Laboratory for Biological and Soft Photonics and Quantum Optics at the Department of Condensed Matter Physics at the Jožef Stefan Institute, and Dr Andrii Tykhonov have obtained European Research Council (ERC) grants to consolidate their independent research careers. For both of them, this is their second ERC research project and an absolute confirmation of what top scientists they are. The goal of Dr. Humar’s project, SoftQuanta – Soft and biological quantum light sources, is to develop unprecedented quantum light sources in soft and biological matter based on liquid crystals. In other words, the project envisions the creation of a quantum LCD, with the potential to radically transform the field of quantum optics. Dr Andrii Tykhonov's research project PeVGALAXY - Direct PeV Detection of Galactic Cosmic Rays in Space aims to accurately detect for the first time cosmic rays in space at the highest energy levels, which will allow scientists to pinpoint the origin of the most powerful stellar explosions in our galaxy. Congratulations!

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From November 18 to 21, 2024, Mojca Otoničar, Danjela Kuščer, Barbara Malič, and Tina Ručigaj Korošec from the Department of Electronic Ceramics, with the help of all colleagues from the department, organized an international school on ferroelectrics called 'Ferroschool', which took place at JSI. The four-day event was sponsored by the international IEEE UFFC-S (Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society), and was aimed at educating younger colleagues from the field of ferroelectrics. The participants, who also presented their work in posters, came from numerous European countries, as well as from Japan, South Korea, India, and the United States. The school hosted fourteen foreign and Slovenian lecturers that covered a wide range of topics, from the physics of ferroelectrics, simulations of defected structures and machine learning, material synthesis, to analytical methods of detecting and evaluating the properties, and applications of ferroelectrics in electronic devices.



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